Union Soviet Socialist Republics T-34/85

World War 2 Tank and Gun Database

The T-34/85, it was based on the T34 chassis and was in use from 1944.

Flag of World War 2 Union Soviet Socialist Republics

General Details (Medium Tank)

Specifications
Operational Date(s)	1944
Ordnance classification
Quantity Produced	23661
Weight	unknown
Crew	5
M.G's small	1
M.G's large(>10mm)	n/a
Length	7.57 mtr
Width	3.02 mtr
Height	2.40 mtr
Engine Details/Performance
Max Road Speed	31 mph
Max Cross Country Speed	25 mph
Range Road	220 miles
Range Cross Country	210 miles
Fuel Type	Unknown
Fuel Capacity	170 gal
Horse Power	500 hp
Power/Weight	unknown

General Information
The T-34/85, it was based on the T34 chassis and was in use from 1944. It was armed with 1 light machine gun. Its main armament consisted of a 85 mm ZiS-S-53 M1939 L/55 weighing 9.540 kg.

Armour Details

Turret
Front	75mm	@	10°	(76mm)
Side	50mm	@	15°	(52mm)
Rear	50mm	@	15°	(52mm)
Top	20mm	@	90°	(20mm)

Superstructure
Front	60mm	@	45°	(85mm)
Side	45mm	@	45°	(64mm)
Rear	45mm	@	45°	(64mm)
Top	20mm	@	90°	(20mm)

Hull
Front	60mm	@	45°	(85mm)
Side	45mm	@	0°	(45mm)
Rear	45mm	@	0°	(45mm)
Top	20mm	@	90°	(20mm)

Armour (x)mm @ (y)° (Effective mm @ 0°)

Effective Armour - Maximum 85 mm - Minimum 20 mm


85 mm ZiS-S-53 M1939 L/55 (Tank Gun)
	History
	Developed from the 85 mm air defense gun M1939 (52-K) this was the heavier tank gun used in vehicles such as the T34/85
	Manufactured	1939 - 1945
	Calibre	85mm
	Length	L/55
	Rate of Fire	10 rpm

Ammunition Details
Name/Id	Calibre Weight MVelocity					Explosive Content
85mm/L52 (D-5T) (AP Armor Piercing)	85mm 9.2Kg 792M/Sec
Quoted Penetration 125mm @ 500mtr/30° ( ? 144mm/0?)
Range(Mtr)	100	200	400	800	1200	1600	2000	2400
Flight Time(Secs)	0.13	0.26	0.52	1.08	1.68	2.31	2.97	3.67
Penetration(mm@30°)	114	111	106	96	86	78	70	63
Penetration(mm@0°)	133	129	123	111	100	91	82	74
Hit Probability(%)	98	98	95	88	68	55	37	15

Range(Mtr)	100	200	400	800	1200	1600	2000	2400
85mm/L52 (D-5T) (APCR Armor Piercing Composite Rigid)	85mm 5.3Kg 1050M/Sec
Quoted Penetration 136mm @ 500mtr/30° ( ? 157mm/0?)
Flight Time(Secs)	0.1	0.19	0.39	0.8	1.23	1.69	2.16	2.65
Penetration(mm@30°)	144	141	136	126	117	108	100	92
Penetration(mm@0°)	167	164	158	146	135	125	116	107
Hit Probability(%)	98	98	98	95	88	68	55	37

Range(Mtr)	100	200	400	800	1200	1600	2000	2400
85mm/L52 (D-5T) HE (HE High Explosive)	85mm 9.54Kg 793M/Sec					0.741Kg explosive
Flight Time(Secs)	0.13	0.26	0.52	1.08	1.67	2.3	2.96	3.66
lateral dispersion means the side to side variation of the shell from the aiming point
50%(CEP) of shells land within +/- (mtr)	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
80% of shells land within +/- (mtr)
95% of shells land within +/- (mtr)
range dispersion means the back to front variation of the shell from the aiming point
50%(CEP) of shells land within +/- (mtr)
80% of shells land within +/- (mtr)
95% of shells land within +/- (mtr)
Direct Fire
Range(Mtr)	100	200	400	800
Flight Time(Secs)	0.13	0.26	0.53	1.1
Hit Probability(%)	98	98	95	88
Blast/Fragmentation Effects
Burst radius Infantry in open 99% kill	2 mtr	Burst radius Infantry in open 66% kill						5 mtr
Burst radius Infantry in open 33% kill	14 mtr	Armour Penetration inc roof at 1 mtr						2 mm
An explosion within 2 mtr of infantry in the open will cause 99% casualties - lethal.
An explosion within 5 mtr of infantry in the open will cause > 66% casualties and could damage some AFV's.
An explosion within 14 mtr of infantry in the open will cause 33% casualties.
The blast effect of this shell exploding within 1 mtr of an armoured vehicle will penetrate 2 mm of the tank armour including the roof.

About Penetration Figures

All penetration figures in this database are calculated to a common standard based on German WWII testing criteria (complete penetration with functioning fuze). This allows direct comparison between all nations' guns.

Original national test figures would be higher for some nations due to different criteria:

German: 1.00? (baseline - strictest)
British: 1.02? (slightly looser)
American: 1.05? (50% mass through plate)
Soviet: 1.10? (75% mass through plate)

For example, a Soviet gun showing 159mm here would be published as ~175mm in Soviet documents, and a German gun showing 120mm would be published as 120mm in German documents. The 159mm figure is directly comparable to the German 120mm - the Soviet gun really was more powerful.

National Testing Standards
German:	1.00? - Complete penetration, fuze functions (strictest)
British:	1.02? - Complete penetration
American:	1.05? - 50% of shell mass through plate
Soviet:	1.10? - 75% of shell mass through plate
All database figures are normalized to German standard for direct comparison. Multiply by the factor above to see original national test figures.

Hit probability is based on a static 2 x 2.4 metre panel at 0 degrees(vertical) at the range specified.

The data that has been used to create these records has come from Wikipedia, The Lone Sentry, The Bundes Archive and numerous books and websites that have provided the detailed information that has not been available anywhere else. The information we use to calculate the penetration tables, flight times and the hit probability comes from the Gun Calibre, the Shell Mass(Kg) and the muzzle velocity, plus range reductions to allow for gravity and wind resistance. This calculation originally came from a pre-war Krupp calculation which has been modified, and seems to fit the actual test results.